Which principle does neofunctionalism emphasize in international relations?

Neofunctionalism emphasizes the idea of incremental integration through technical cooperation as a foundational principle in international relations. This theory suggests that cooperation in specific technical areas can lead to deeper political integration over time. It argues that when countries begin to cooperate on functional issues—such as trade, economics, or environmental matters—they can build trust and interdependence, which gradually fosters greater collaboration and solidarity.

This gradual process often starts with non-controversial, practical issues that are easier to address and can lead to a spillover effect, whereby the initial cooperation in one area encourages integration in related fields and escalates into broader political integration. Therefore, neofunctionalism posits that small steps towards collaboration in technical or functional realms can cumulatively produce significant political outcomes, making this incremental approach central to understanding international relationships and regional integration efforts.