Which factor is crucial for establishing successful cooperation between states in the international system according to liberal theories?

Mutual trust is essential for establishing successful cooperation between states according to liberal theories. This school of thought emphasizes that states can achieve better outcomes through cooperation and collaboration, moving beyond the anarchic nature of international relations typically characterized by realism.

Liberal theories posit that states are not just driven by power dynamics or security concerns; rather, they are also motivated by the potential for mutual benefits that cooperation can create. Trust among states allows them to engage in dialogue, form alliances, and enter into agreements that can lead to economic interdependence, collective security arrangements, and long-term partnerships. When states trust each other, they are more likely to believe that the other party will fulfill its commitments, reducing the risks of cheating or defection.

While military capability is significant in certain contexts, it does not facilitate cooperation as effectively as mutual trust does. Geopolitical interests can drive state behavior, but without trust, states may hesitate to collaborate even when interests align. Cultural similarity might provide a foundation for understanding and connection, but it is the trust that transforms these commonalities into actionable cooperation. Thus, mutual trust stands out as the crucial factor enabling successful collaboration in the international system.