What is the primary focus of constructivist theory in international relations?

The primary focus of constructivist theory in international relations is on social constructions and shared identities. Constructivism posits that international relations are shaped not just by material factors such as power dynamics or economic structures but also by ideas, beliefs, and identities that influence how states and other actors understand and engage with the world.

Constructivists argue that the international system is inherently social, meaning the relationships between states are constructed through interactions, shared norms, and collective identities. This perspective emphasizes the importance of how states perceive themselves and each other, as these perceptions can significantly influence their behavior and the outcomes of international interactions.

By focusing on social constructions, constructivism challenges traditional theories that prioritize material elements. It highlights how identities, norms, and values transform international relations, ultimately shaping factors like cooperation, conflict, and diplomatic relations. Thus, this approach provides a more nuanced understanding of global politics by integrating the ways in which social frameworks influence international behavior.