What does the term 'sovereignty' refer to in international relations?

The term 'sovereignty' in international relations primarily refers to the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. This concept is fundamental to the international system, as it asserts that a state has supreme authority over its territory and domestic affairs. Sovereignty encompasses various dimensions, including political independence, territorial integrity, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

In the broader context of international relations, states are recognized as the primary actors with the right to make decisions about their governance without external influence. This independence is critical for maintaining order and allowing states to operate effectively on the global stage. Sovereignty is also key to concepts such as territorial claims, statehood, and the recognition of political legitimacy.

The other options, while related to aspects of international relations, do not accurately capture the essence of sovereignty. The ability to negotiate trade deals is a function of state power and capability but does not define sovereignty itself. Similarly, the legal status of international organizations pertains to their functions and roles rather than the sovereign authority of states. Lastly, diplomatic recognition is important for international relations and the legitimacy of a state, but it stems from the recognition of that state's sovereignty rather than defining it. Thus, sovereignty remains pivotal as it underlines the rights and responsibilities