What does the term 'security dilemma' refer to?

The term 'security dilemma' describes a situation in international relations where actions taken by a state to increase its own security lead to increased tensions and insecurity in other states. This often occurs because when one state builds up its military or enhances its defensive capabilities, other states perceive this as a potential threat. In response, these other states may also engage in similar actions, leading to an arms race and heightened hostility, despite the original state's intention being purely defensive.

This concept highlights the paradox that efforts to ensure one’s security can inadvertently undermine the security of others, which can escalate into conflicts even in the absence of aggressive intentions. The security dilemma encapsulates a key dynamic in international relations where states must navigate their own security needs while being cognizant of how their actions may be interpreted by others.

The other options do not accurately reflect the concept of the security dilemma. Cooperation on security issues does not encapsulate the inherent mistrust and escalation that characterize the dilemma. A peace treaty under duress is more about the circumstances of negotiation rather than the ongoing interactions between states regarding security. Additionally, conflicts arising solely from economic disputes do not encompass the broad, often militarized dynamics inherent in the security dilemma.