What does realism emphasize in international relations?

Realism emphasizes the pursuit of power and national interests as the central tenet of international relations. This theory posits that in an anarchic international system, where no overarching authority exists, states must prioritize their own survival and interests. Realists argue that power is the primary currency in international affairs, driving states to act primarily in ways that enhance their own security and influence.

In this context, realism views states as rational actors that make decisions based on a pragmatic assessment of their interests and capabilities. The pursuit of power often involves competition and conflict, as states vie for resources, strategic advantages, and security. This focus on power dynamics means that moral considerations or idealistic notions of cooperation may be secondary to the hard realities of state behavior and international interactions.

The other options reflect different perspectives. The notion of states acting cooperatively or the importance of international law suggests a more idealistic approach to international relations that realism does not prioritize. Similarly, the role of public opinion, while relevant in some analyses, does not capture the core emphasis of realism on systemic power dynamics and national interests.