The concept of mutually assured destruction is based on what key assumption?

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is a critical concept in understanding nuclear deterrence, particularly during the Cold War. The theory is predicated on the assumption that if two opposing states possess the capability to inflict catastrophic damage upon each other through nuclear weapons, then neither side would initiate a conflict that could lead to such destruction. The key to MAD lies in the potential for a devastating nuclear retaliation; this creates a balance of terror where both states understand that an attack would result in mutual annihilation.

By having the capability to launch a devastating nuclear retaliation, countries deter each other from initiating conflict since the consequences would be overwhelmingly catastrophic. This shared understanding leads to a precarious peace, as both states rely on the threat of significant retaliatory damage to maintain stability and prevent war. Thus, this assumption underscores the rationale behind nuclear arsenals and strategic postures during times of heightened tension.